Calculating-machine.



} PATENTED JUNE 9 1908. A. NEWMAN.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLIOAI'ION FILED AUG. 31.1907.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

PATENTED JUNE 9, 1908.

A. NEWMAN. CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 31,1907.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

v @i @i@@@ u 30 ess, so that the adding wheelsthat iave ABTA"NEWMAN, OF WEBSTER CITY, IOWA.

' CALCULATING-MACHINE.

Specification of Iietters Patent.

I Patented June a, 1908. v

Application-filed August 31, 1907. Serial No. 390,890.

such for instance as Patent No. 504,963, is-

sued to IV. S. Burroughs on Sept; 12, 1893. In this connection it should'be understood that the ordinary adding machine mechanism herein illustrated and described, is substantia'lly' the same as that shown in said patobject to providemeans whereby the exit, and operates in the same manner.

My object is to rovide sim 1e, and easily actuated-means wfiereby an a din-g machine of the. class described may conveniently and easily be erated for thepurpose of subtracting; n this connection it is to be understood that in machines of the Burroughs type, the adding wheels operate only in one direction, and cannotbeturned back for the purpose of subtracting. 'It is therefore my adding wheels maybe turnedforward to the desired distance, and thetot'al' carrying devices be held inoperative during the subtracting rocbeen operated upon for subtracting purposes may be turned around until they stand at the proper positions- 'for' displaying the total which representsthe origina'l set of digits minus the totalnum'ber subtractcd.therefrom.

My invention consists in the construction of the various mechanical features of my invention, and the arran T ment and combination thereof with an a ding machine of the type mentioned, and also in the arrangement of a set of digits upon the keys in addition to the usual digits, whereby the operator may conveniently and successfully use .my 1m roved dev1ce,*as hereinafter more fully set vices embodying my invention.

orth, pointed-out in my claims, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which'- Figure 1 sh'ow's'a detail sectional view of a part .of an addingmachine of the type mentioned, and having connected therewliqth del"; I 2 shows a detail perspective'view of the rac-k bar for actuatin the adding wheels and connected parts, to 1 luetrate some of the parts of an ordinary addin improvement is 'c osely associated. Fig. 3. shows a detail edge view illustrating the. means'for connecting the lever that is 0 erated by the releasing key, with thelever t at trips the rack bar. Fig. 4 shows a plan view illustrating the key board, and the arrange-v ment of the digits on the keys thereof, and Fig. 5 shows a detail sectional view showing a modified. form of the device for holding inoperative the carrying mechanism.

In the accompanying drawings, I shall set forth so much only of the construction and function of the adding mechanism as is neces sary for a full understanding of the arrangement and combination with it, of the mechanism for use in subtracting.

The reference numeral indicates the casing and 11 the keys mounted therein, and

arranged in rows of nine each, one row for each .column of figures to be added. Each of these keys is arranged over a bell crank lever 12, and connected with each bell crank lever is a rod 13. These rods all stand adjacent to a notched bar 14, and when any of said keys is depressed, the rod 13 enters one of the notches of the bar 14. Slidingly mounted adjacent to each notched bar 14 is a rack bar 15 having a shoulder 16 at one side of its u per end, and a shoulder 17at the other si( e of its upper end. It is also provided with a stop pin 18 and a slot 19.

The reference numeral 20 indicates one of the adding wheels connected with a lever 21. The operation of the rack bar during its initial movement is substantially as follows: When a key is depressed, the trip lever indicated by the numeral 22 is moved by mechanism not herein shown, so that its lug 23 passes out of engagement with the shoulder 17, whereupon the rack bar 15 may be moved downwardly as hereinafter described, until its shoulder 16 strikes upon the rod 13 that is in one of the notches of the bar 14. Thus, the downward movement of the rack bar is limited by pressed. At one side of the machine is a crank 24 connected by mechanism not shown, with the lever 25, which lever is attached to the rack bar 15 by means of a .pin 30, which projects through the slot 19 of the rack bar. In this way, the rack bar is operated by the crank 24. The lever 25 is connected with the lower endof the rack bar b means of'a contractible coil spring 31, which spring tends to hold the lever'25 in position machine with which my same as that illustrated and described in the said Burroughs patent.

The outward movement of the rack bar 15 is limited by means of a lever 32, which is pivoted at 33, and which normally stands in the path of the pin 1?, hence the pin 18 will strike upon the oottom of the lever 32, and. the rack will stop. The lever however, will move outwardly until its in reaches the top of the slot 19 which wi l apply a considera le tension to the spring 31.

in the operation of adding on a machine of this kind, and in tne event that the move ment of the rack bar 15 is suiliicient to bring the adding wheel past the ninth tooth thereof, then it is necessary that the adding wheel be actuated far enough to move theadjacent adding wheel one tooth space for the pur pose of carrying a total. This is ordinarily accomplished in substantially the following manner: Connected with the adding wheel 20 is a lug 34 ad'acent to the ninth tooth of the adding wheel. Arranged in the path of this lug 34 is a lever 35 designed to be tripped by the said lug. 'lhis lever 35 carries an arm 36 Which arm normally stands in the path of a lug 37 which is placed on a lever 38, which lever is normally held by a spring 39 in a direction toward. the lever 35, and the lever 35 is normally held by a sprin 40 in position Where its arm 30 will engage the lug {37, there being a stoo 41 to. hold the lever 35 in said osition. here is only one way provide for moving the trip lever 32 out ofthe path of the pin 18, and this is done by means of the lever 38 striking upon the lever In Fig. 3 of the drawings, 1 have shown a pin 42 fixed. to the lever 38 to strike against the lever 32. Hence, in order to move the adding wheel past the ninth tooth so that the total will be carried to the next adding wheel, it is necessary for the lug 34 to operate the lever 35 so as to throw the arm 86 below the lug 37, and thus ,(HHllllthe lover to strike upon the lever 32 o throw the lever out oi the path of the pin 18, and then permit the spring 31 to move the rack bar outwardlv one additional tooth space. Obviously, the lever '38 is held against an inward movement when the lever 35 is operated by the lug 3 then the total will not be carried from one adding Wheel to the next, but the adding Wheel wil rotate as far as it is actuated by theracl; bar 15 without in any way affecting the adjacent adding Wheels. I have pro- 2: A coarse vidcd means for holding each lever in an l1). )}fi8l'2ttl\' position when it desired the machii'ie for subtracting, and lid" accomplished by means of a sliding k 3 bar 43 mounted in the frame .10 to engage an arm 44 on the lever 38. This key bar lS is provided with a spring 4" for elevating it, and obviously, when an operator presses upon the key llill 43, the adding whit-cl in the par icle lar column in which the lie included will be ope itive only lor the purpose oi turning around, but the carrying mechanism oi hat particular column will be rmidcred inoperalive. That to say, the adding mechanism not in anyway all'ccicd by the key bur -13, but when the key bar 413 is depressed, the carrying mechanism is held inoperative.

l have illustrated a modilicd form. of the device in Fig. 5 ol the drawings, for holding the lever 3%; inoperative, which mechanism is as follows: Mounted in the side of the frame is a spring actiuited key bar i, connected with. a bell crank lever 4-6. Tins bell cranl; lever is formed with a hook t? dcsigneiil to engage pin 48 on the lever 32;, hence whia said hey bar4-5 is pushed in, the hook i-'7 'i vill engage tl win 48- and prevent an inward movement ol the lever 4 35%, and v n1 the key bar is released, its spring we hold he hook/l7 out o1 the path of the pin In order that eubtrzuzting may ii! ipidlv and accurately accomplished by the us r. the devices for throwing the carrying mechanism out of operation, I have arra ed the key board in the manner shown. in .llg. On the first column to the right, the large digits beginning with 1 at the bottom of lhe column, and ending with 9* at the top oi" inf! column, indicate the digits ordinarily placed on keys oi machines of this kind for designating the amount that each adding wheel will be moved when any given key is do )rcsscdi find on this column. of keys, 1 have placed in small letters on the upper key, the digit 1 and the other consecutive digits up to S) on the remaining keys in the column. (in the second column from the right, the upper key is pros vidod with the small digit U, the next key with the digit 1, and the lower key with the digit 8, the others being consecutively arranged between them., All of the other keys in the column. to the left of the one last mentioned are arranged the same as in the second column. By this arrangement oF digits on the keys, the operation of the device inv subtracting is as follows: :issnming that tho keys in tlie first three columns have been at tuated so that the adding wheels 1' present a total number of 888, and is desired to sulttract from this number the sum 12%). subtracting, the operator uses the small of digits on the keys, and in the inst nce above referred to he first depresses the l showing a small 9 onthe column at the r then the key bearing the small. 2 on the 129 which was subtracted from it.

ond column to the right, then the key bearing the small 1 on the third column to the right. At the same time, he depresses the key bar 43 for the third column and holds it down while turning the crank at the right of the machine, to thereby prevent totals bein carried to the left of the third column, but t e total carrying mechanism of the other two columns to the right is not in any way interfered with. Then when the adding wheels have been actuated as before described, the adding wheels ofthe first three columns stand as follows: The first wheel will be turned one tooth space because the digit 1 is the one shown in large type on the key that was first depressed, t us leaving this adding wheel in position with the digit 1 thereof in position for adding, instead of the digit 8, that was reviously in said position. The second w eel will be moved seven tooth spaces because the digit 7 appears in large type on the key that was depressed in said column, hence this second wheel will be turned so that the digit 5 will apfiear in adding position on it, because it W1 have been turned seven tooth spaces which is the digit that appeared on the second key that was depressed, thus resulting .in turning said second adding wheel around until the digit 5 appeared in adding position. Furthermore, the third adding wheel will be moved one tooth space by the carrying mechanism during the time that the second adding wheel is being actuated, thus placing the third adding wheel in position with the digit 9 thereon in adding osition, and when the key bearing the sma numeral 1 in the third column is depressed, the adding wheel will be moved eight tooth spaces, which will leave it in position with the digit 7 in adding position so that on the three adding wheels at the right, the digit 785 will be in adding position, which represents the number originally on the wheels, 888 minus the number This arrangement of the small digits on the ke s will operate accurately for purposes of su tractin in all cases except where the num her to e subtracted has an 0 at the right of the number, and when this occurs, it is necessary for the operator to depress the key above the one he would ordinarily have deressed, in the example as first given, which will result in bringing an accurate total. As an instance of this exception to the general rule, we will assume that the number originally appearing upon the adding wheels was 888, and that it was desired to subtract from it 120. No ke in the first column to the right need be epressed, as the digit 0 does not appear on said first set of keys. In the second column to the right, instead of depressing the ke -with the small 2, the key above it shoul be depressed, thus causin the second adding wheel to move eight tooth spaces instead of seven, which is the number it would move if the ke bearing the small 2 had been depressed. Then the key bearing the small 1 of the third column is depressed, which will result in turning the adding wheels so that the digit 768 appear thereon, which represent the original number of 888 minus the 120 subtracted. It i'snot at all diilicult for the operator to remember this exception, becausethe 0 does not ap ear in the first column to the right, but it oes appear in all of the other columns, so that when'a number has a 0 at the right, the operator cannot depress any key in the first column to the right, and thushis attention is called.to the-fact that in the next key depressed, he must depress the key above the one he would ordinarily depress if therewere no 0 at the end of the number he is subtracting.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim anddesire to secure y Letters Patent of the United States, therefor, is

1. In acalculating machine, the combination of a number of adding wheels,'a.'total carrying mechanism for each adding wheel comprising a cam connected with the adding wheel, a rack, a spring for normally elevating said rack, a pin connected with the rack, a lever pivoted at its upper end and having its lower end normally in position to engage said pin and prevent upward movement of the rack, a bell crank lever arranged in position to be engaged by said cam, means interposed between the bell crank lever and the first mentioned lever whereby the first mentioned lever is normally retained within the path of the pin on the rack, and whereby when the bell crank lever is operated by the cam, the first mentioned lever may be moved out of the path of the said pin, a spring actuated key, and means inter osed between the key and said lever, whereby when the key is depressed, the lever will e. held in the path of the pin, irrespective of the movement of said bell crank lever.

2. In a calculating machine, the combination of a number of rows of key bars, each row bearing consecutively arranged digits beginning with 1 and' ending with 9, and a second set of digits on each row, the digits on the first row to the right being consecutively arranged, and beginning with 1 on the 9 key and ending with 9 on the 1 key, and the second set of digits on each of the other rows of keysbegirming with 0 on the 9 key and ending with 8 on the 1 key, adding mechanism arranged to be actuated by said keys, total carrying mechanism arranged for automatic operation by'the adding mechanism, and a key bar arranged for holding the carrying mechanism inoperative.

Des Moines, Iowa, Aug. 13, 1907 ALTA NEWMAN.

Witnesses:

B. F. PAINE, W. E. BROWN. 

